Sustainable Development of Renewable Energy: Volume 2: Opportunities in Production, Storage, and Integration, Elsevier, ss.443-466, 2026
This study explores the role of hydropower in global efforts to manage carbon footprints and promote sustainable energy systems. As one of the most mature and widely adopted forms of renewable energy, hydropower offers significant benefits such as low operating costs and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, large-scale hydropower projects also present environmental and socioeconomic challenges such as ecosystem degradation, community displacement, and methane emissions from reservoirs. This study evaluates the potential of hydropower systems to contribute to a low-carbon future through an in-depth review of life cycle assessments, technological advances, and policy frameworks. Emphasis is placed on strategies to reduce the environmental impact of hydropower through innovation, regulatory support, and integrated renewable energy planning. The findings highlight the need for a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of hydropower while minimizing its ecological and social costs.