Earthquakes are destructive forces that target not only physical structures but also the lifeblood of economies and societies. The massive earthquake that struck 11 provinces in February 2023 destroyed not only buildings but also the spirit of society, economic dynamics and hopes for the future. Earthquakes deeply shake economic activities at both micro and macro levels, paralysing the economy through direct impacts such as the collapse of infrastructure, destruction of production facilities, destruction of agricultural areas and disruption of trade. Beyond this, indirect effects, such as loss of labour force and disruptions in health and education systems, undermine economic productivity in the long run and severely hamper growth potential. However, the economic consequences of earthquakes are not limited to material damage. These disasters also deeply affect human capital, the most valuable resource of societies. The loss of educated and talented individuals reduces innovation capacity; social trauma and psychological effects weaken labour productivity. Therefore, strengthening physical structures is not enough in combating earthquakes; increasing the resilience of the society is also a critical requirement. This study analyses the widespread devastation of the February 2023 earthquake in the 11 affected provinces and presents critical findings on the loss of human capital. In particular, in analysing the economic impacts of the earthquake, this study reveals the extent of human capital lost and draws attention to the devastating effects of these losses. In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of earthquake economics is a vital imperative not only for assessing current losses but also for determining the measures to be taken to minimise the effects of similar disasters in the future.