Toward climate-resilient cities: advancing sustainable and inclusive urban development through smart technologies in South-Western Nigeria

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Agboola O. P., Findikgil M. M.

FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE CITIES, cilt.8, sa.1916019, ss.1-28, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)

Özet

Abstract

This study develops an integrative framework that combines a quantitative explorative study with a qualitative assessment of Urban Inclusivity (UI) to assess inequality in rapidly growing cities in Southwestern Nigeria. The objectives were to: (i) To assess the effectiveness and perceived performance of Adaptive Urban Service Delivery (AUSD); (ii) To assess the level of Adaptive Urban Services Delivery (AUSD) within smart environments; (iii) To identify and empirically validate the underlying dimensions and interrelationships of Adaptive Urban Service Delivery (AUSD); (iv) To determine the relative effects and contributions of Adaptive Urban Service Delivery (AUSD) to promote Smart Urban Environments (SUE); (v) To evaluate Urban Service Satisfaction (USS) and qualitative assessment of Urban Inclusivity (UI) across the eight case study cities in Southwestern Nigeria. Survey data from 402 respondents were analyzed using SPSS Version 22 through descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc tests. The regression analysis revealed that resilience (β = 0.357, p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of Adaptive Urban Services Delivery (AUSD), followed by inclusivity (β = 0.291, p < 0.001), Population Growth Management (PGM) (β = 0.236, p < 0.001), Infrastructure Demands (ID) (β = 0.214, p < 0.001), and Climate Change Impacts (CCI) (β = 0.188, p < 0.001). The overall regression model demonstrated substantial explanatory power (R = 0.865, R2 = 0.748, Adjusted R2 = 0.744, F = 291.63, p < 0.001). The ANOVA results revealed statistically significant differences in respondents' satisfaction with Adaptive Urban Services Delivery (AUSD) across the eight selected cities (p < 0.001). The Urban Inclusivity (UI) assessment also identified notable spatial variation, with Akure recording the highest inclusivity score (7), followed by Osogbo (6), while Lagos and Abeokuta recorded the lowest scores (3). Taken together, these findings indicate that AUSD is a multidimensional phenomenon involving technological capacity, infrastructure provision, inclusive governance, and climate responsiveness. These dimensions may contribute to improved Urban Resilience (UR), and AUDS when appropriately integrated. The proposed framework provides a context-sensitive approach for examining smart and inclusive urban development in rapidly urbanizing regions of developing countries. However, further empirical validation across other geographical and urban contexts is required to assess its broader applicability and transferability.