Research Information System
Bilim Kitabevi, Ankara, 1994
SUMMARY
The advances in the technology of communication have
nullified the national borders by enabling the broadcast to be received from
vast geographical locations. By way of international organizations and
agreements, this development leads to a unification among states and,
eventually, among broadcast organizations in regard to controlling of
broadcasting in countries with different broadcast systems.
The essence of democracy is the will of people. And
the way to public decision goes through mass media. A unification in the
Controlling of mass media brings about a political union among countries as
well.
The strategies of controlling of broadcasting, past
and present, are analysed in this study by testing the five assumptions titled
'The Strategies of Controlling in Mass Communication,"
All analyses are based on the relation between the
mass communication and the political power in
In the first chapter, where the
theoretical basis of the study is laid out, the interaction of mass media and
political power is studied. To this effect, after determining the function and
controlling of the medium according to the Theories of Mass Communication, each
theory is handled in regard to systems of management in broadcasting, and the
controlling strategies of these systems are specified.
Through analyses and synthesis of chosen applied
practices of controlling the second chapter studies the case of
In third chapter, the TRT (Turkish Radio and
Television) is studied as an organization. Just as in the previous chapter,
starting from the purpose of broadcasting, the issues of positive and negative
criteria in controlling, and who and why of the formal and informal control of
broadcasting are compared to the countries above.
The fourth chapter concerns the controlling of
transfrontier television broadcasting. By considering The European Convention
on Transfrontier Television, the controlling is studied as to the formal and
informal control by instrumental organizations.
The systems of mass communication, usually classified
as monopolistic or pluralistic models, can further appear as National,
National-Commercial, Commercial or Governmental, depending on the economical,
political and social structure of different countries.
The Controlling strategies differ among countries,
regardless of the above systems in which the mass media is situated. The
reasons for this are dependent on the body that invests the responsibility on
social structure to mass media.
BBC in
Meanwhile, the National - Commercial system of Türkiye grants the
pre-broadcast controlling to a group of elite broadcast people. By law and
order, this body, with a background of broadcast profession, controls
broadcasting with a granted social responsibility that restrains freedom at the
core. The broadcaster, by sacrificing his/her opinions for those at the elite
board, controls the broadcast
documents at every stage from research to broadcasting, just for being on the
air.
With the appearance of private channels after 1993,
the act no. 3984 had been put into effect in Türkiye, in April 1994, to enable
accordance with international strategies of controlling. Due to the lack of
practical results, a commentary on the situation is not possible.
In spite of the differences in broadcast controlling among
different countries, the advances in technology of communication and resulting
transfrontier broadcasting have paved the way to a unification of controlling
from top the bottom, that is, from international level to the state, and from
state to broadcast organizations by way of international agreements on the
issue.
An agreement on the strategies of controlling and
control of broadcasting is the very first indication of a political union among countries.