A review of floating renewable energy technologies for sustainable development

Zangejo M. M., Jamali M. I., Koondhar M. A., Saand A. S., Mahariq I., Touti E.

Ocean Engineering, cilt.352, sa.P2, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 352 Sayı: P2
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124538
  • Dergi Adı: Ocean Engineering
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Environment Index, Geobase, ICONDA Bibliographic, INSPEC
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Floating offshore wind, Floating renewable energy systems, Floating solar, Hybrid floating energy systems, Offshore energy systems, Wave and tidal energy
  • İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Floating renewable energy technologies have emerged as promising solutions to overcome land scarcity, access high-quality marine and inland energy resources, and support large-scale decarbonization. In recent years, significant advances have been reported in floating photovoltaic systems; however, a balanced and systematic assessment of floating solar, wind, and water-based renewable energy technologies remains limited. This review presents a comprehensive and technology-neutral analysis of floating photovoltaic, floating offshore wind, and floating water-based (wave and tidal) energy systems. For each technology, the review consistently examines operational principles, the current state of the art and existing floating solutions, key benefits and limitations, and emerging research trends and gaps. A unified comparative assessment is then conducted using common performance indicators, including technology readiness level, energy yield characteristics, economic viability, and system-level constraints. Finally, the review explores the potential integration of multiple floating renewable technologies, highlighting hybrid configurations and advanced concepts such as floating energy islands. By providing a coherent and balanced framework, this study supports informed decision-making and future research directions for the development and deployment of floating renewable energy systems.