Batteries and power-to-gas systems as hybrid energy storage solutions for boosting grid adaptability and decentralized trading leveraging stochastic privacy-preserving optimization
Journal of Energy Storage, vol.165, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 165
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.est.2026.122190
- Journal Name: Journal of Energy Storage
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC
- Keywords: Battery, Continuous double auction, Energy storage, Power to hydrogen gas (P2G), Renewable energy sources, Stochastic P2P energy market
- Istanbul Gelisim University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
High renewable penetration in integrated energy systems (IES) requires decentralized market mechanisms that enhance renewable utilization while preserving operational security and participant privacy. This paper proposes a stochastic peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading framework that iteratively coordinates a Continuous Double Auction (CDA) with an Integrated Multi-energy Microgrid Optimizer (IMMO). The framework jointly schedules distributed energy resources (DERs), batteries, and power-to-gas units while enforcing AC constraints and steady-state gas network limitations. Uncertainties in renewable generation and demand are modeled using copula-based scenario generation with scenario reduction. Benchmarked against alternative frameworks, the proposed iterative CDA–IMMO lowers operating costs by 21.4% relative to the no-P2P case, improves by 19.7% relative to the non-iterative one-shot clearing baseline, and remains within 0.70% of the centralized P2P benchmark. Out-of-sample evaluation across 50 scenarios demonstrates lower expected costs, reduced renewable curtailment, and improved power grid indicators compared to the deterministic network-constrained P2P market. Additional sensitivity analyses confirm scalability across network sizes and robustness under varying system conditions.