Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
IEEE Access, cilt.13, ss.185994-186013, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers remain a widely adopted solution in the field of control systems due to their simplicity, flexibility, and ability to control a wide range of processes. Despite their success in various applications, PID tuning remains a persistent challenge during implementation. This challenge becomes even more complex when PID controllers are implemented in discrete form, which is essential for most digital control systems. The discretization of continuous-time PID controllers introduces an additional layer of complexity, generating a wide range of possible discrete PID structures and leading to an inefficient selection process. This study proposes a novel approach for automating the tuning of discrete PID controllers by integrating a generalized discrete PID structure, named FiFNF, with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The generalized structure offers flexibility in discretization, enabling automatic selection from 18 different discrete PID configurations derived from combinations of three discretization methods: Forward Euler Approximation, Backward Euler Approximation, and Trapezoidal Approximation. Instead of manually selecting a discretization method for the integral and derivative components, this approach provides a unified structure that supports versatile and effective discrete PID implementations. Simulation studies in MATLAB and Simulink have been conducted to test and validate the proposed PID design. Moreover, a comparative analysis is presented between FiFNF and the conventional backward PID configuration, with both configurations tuned using PSO.