Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Energy Research, cilt.2026, sa.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Onshore, fixed-bottom offshore, and floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) represent distinct technological pathways for large-scale wind energy deployment, yet comparative assessments often emphasize descriptive characteristics rather than quantified performance trade-offs. This study presents a structured comparison of these three wind energy systems across technology maturity, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), environmental impacts, and socio-regulatory constraints. A harmonized literature synthesis of recent techno-economic data (2018–2024) reveals that onshore wind remains the lowest-cost option (typical LCOE: 30–55 USD/MWh), while fixed-bottom offshore wind exhibits higher but declining costs (60–100 USD/MWh) driven primarily by installation and foundation expenses. Floating offshore wind systems currently show the highest LCOE (90–160 USD/MWh), dominated by platform and mooring costs, yet demonstrate the strongest long-term cost-reduction potential due to access to superior wind resources and deep-water sites. Environmental and social analyses indicate increasing public acceptance challenges for onshore projects, while offshore and floating systems face regulatory complexity and higher capital risk rather than social opposition. The study’s contribution lies in a balanced, criterion-based framework that exposes cost drivers, maturity gaps, and deployment constraints across wind technologies, highlighting floating offshore wind as a transitional technology whose competitiveness depends on platform standardization and supply-chain learning effects. The analysis demonstrates that cost parity between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind is not turbine limited but platform- and financing-driven, with regulatory clarity having a comparable impact to capital expenditure (CAPEX) reductions.