Cyclic heat recovery in a waste-to-X system with ammonia synthesis and hydrogen liquefaction: Machine learning-based optimization
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, cilt.179, sa.P3, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 179 Sayı: P3
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.112243
- Dergi Adı: International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: ANN-MOPSO optimization, Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis, Multigeneration system, Municipal solid waste, Ortho-to-para hydrogen conversion
- İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study proposes a novel waste-to-energy multigeneration system (MGS) integrating municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification with a solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC–GT), thermoelectric generator (TEG), dual-flash organic flash cycle (DFOFC), alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE), Claude hydrogen liquefaction cycle, Haber–Bosch (HB) ammonia synthesis, and reverse osmosis desalination. Comprehensive energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analyses are conducted, and a hybrid artificial neural network–multi-objective particle swarm optimization (ANN–MOPSO) framework coupled with LINMAP decision-making identifies the optimal operating conditions for two scenarios: (I) an emission-focused scenario minimizing CO2 emissions and (II) an ammonia-focused scenario maximizing ammonia production. At base conditions, the DFOFC exhibits the highest exergy destruction (4861.16 kW, 32.8%) and cost rate (104.91 $/h, 34.7%). Parametric analysis indicates that increasing the moisture content reduces net power by 4.6% while increasing hydrogen production by 6.1-fold, whereas increasing the gasifier temperature decreases freshwater production by 41.3% but increases NH3 production by 3.7-fold. Sensitivity analysis identifies the biomass flow rate as the dominant parameter affecting net power (81.23%) and freshwater production (74.25%), while the gasifier temperature governs hydrogen and NH₃ production (50.95% each), and current density governs CO2 emissions (66.97%) and the levelized cost of electricity (64.70%). The optimized Scenario I achieves an exergy efficiency of 43.67%, a cost rate of 155.85 $/h, a CO2 emission rate of 0.059 ton/GJ, and liquid H2 and NH3 production rates of 7.27 and 40.19 kg/h, respectively. Scenario II yields a cost rate of 215.39 $/h, an NH3 production rate of 129.02 kg/h, and a liquid H2 production rate of 23.41 kg/h. The economic analysis reveals payback periods of 3.56 and 4.14 years for Scenarios I and II, respectively, with corresponding cumulative profits of 22.23 and 23.99 M$ over a 20-year project lifetime. Accounting for the heat associated with ortho-to-para hydrogen conversion in the Claude cycle increases the specific work consumption by 9.28%, raising the LCOH from 13.76 to 15.06 $/kg in Scenario I and from 6.36 to 6.96 $/kg in Scenario II. Likewise, the LCOA increases by 9.31% to 3.64 $/kg in Scenario I and by 9.22% to 1.54 $/kg in Scenario II, while the payback periods increase by approximately 8.5%.