Climate-specific 3E design and optimization of a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump in different climates, toward nearly zero energy buildings
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, cilt.178, sa.P6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 178 Sayı: P6
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.112016
- Dergi Adı: International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Climate-specific 3E design, Geothermal, Heat pump, Optimization, Solar collector, Sustainable development
- İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Hybrid solar-assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) systems play a critical role in achieving nearly zero energy buildings by efficiently integrating renewable thermal energy sources to reduce reliance on conventional fossil fuels. These systems enhance energy utilization and environmental sustainability by combining solar and geothermal resources, especially across diverse climatic conditions. This paper examines a SAGSHP system for four climates. Energy, exergy, and economic (3E) analyses have been used to evaluate the system's performance. Coefficient of performance (COP), exergy efficiency, and total annual cost (TAC) have been selected as index parameters and system optimization criteria. For each climate, according to the climatic conditions and soil characteristics, the main design parameters (including the area of the solar collector, the length of the geothermal heat exchanger pipe, the percentage of antifreeze liquid, the amount of subcooling and superheating of the refrigerant, the saturation temperature of the condenser and evaporator, and the fluid velocity in the ground loop) were obtained. Finally, to reach the optimal working points, all design parameters were optimized using a genetic algorithm. The results show that increasing the length of the ground heat exchanger (GHE) from 50 to 150 m has increased the TAC from about $620 to $1020 (about 65% difference) and decreased ηexergy in all four cases. Increasing solar collector area from 0.5 to 3 m2 increased TAC ($105), decreased COP, and decreased ηexergy. Optimization results also showed that the minimum and the maximum ηexergy are 50.1% and 87%, respectively. The length of the GHE pipe varies across cases (from 80.1 m to 104 m). The lowest and the highest TAC are related to case 3 ($739.5) and case 2 ($808.5), respectively.