Differential Regulation of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes by Ornithogalum sigmoideum and Smilax excelsa Extracts in HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

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Bayram T., Dirican O., Husseını A. A., Öncel B. C., Tok K. C., Fidan Babat C., ...Daha Fazla

XI. Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Congress, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2 - 05 Temmuz 2026, ss.126, (Özet Bildiri)

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Özet Bildiri
  • Basıldığı Şehir: İstanbul
  • Basıldığı Ülke: Türkiye
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.126
  • İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Objective: This study investigated the cytotoxic and detoxification-related responses of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum and Smilax excelsa to evaluate their potential anticancer activity.

Methods: Methanolic extracts of O. sigmoideum (aerial and bulb parts) and S. excelsa were prepared and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Cytotoxic effects and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined in HepG2 cells using the MTT assay. Relative mRNA expression levels of the detoxification-associated genes GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Treatment effect sizes were evaluated using Cohen’s d.

Results: GC–MS analysis revealed distinct phytochemical compositions among the extracts. S. excelsa was enriched in phenolic compounds, whereas fatty acid esters and alcohol derivatives predominated in O. sigmoideum extracts. The bulb extract of O. sigmoideum exhibited the greatest cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 125 μg/mL), followed by the aerial extract (IC50 = 156 μg/mL), while S. excelsa showed comparatively lower cytotoxicity (IC50 = 304 μg/mL). Treatment-specific alterations in GST gene expression were observed. The aerial extract of O. sigmoideum produced the strongest induction of GSTM1 and GSTP1, increasing expression by 2.26- fold and 2.46-fold, respectively, relative to the control group. In contrast, S. excelsa reduced the expression of both genes. GSTT1 expression was decreased in all treatment groups, with the greatest suppression observed following O. sigmoideum treatment.

Conclusion: Ornithogalum sigmoideum demonstrated greater cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells than Smilax excelsa and significantly modulated GST-related detoxification pathways. These findings suggest that O. sigmoideum, particularly its aerial extract, may represent a promising source of bioactive compounds for further investigation as potential anticancer agents.

Keywords: Smilax excelsa; Ornithogalum sigmoideum; HepG2; hepatocellular carcinoma; cytotoxicity; glutathione S-transferases.