Unification of stochastic matrices and quantum operations for N-level systems


Canturk B.

Annals of Physics, vol.487, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 487
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.aop.2026.170367
  • Journal Name: Annals of Physics
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, INSPEC, MathSciNet, zbMATH
  • Keywords: Chapman–Kolmogorov equation, Markovianity, Quantum Markovianity, Quantum operations, Quantum processes, Stochastic processes
  • Istanbul Gelisim University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The time evolution of the one-point probability vector of stochastic processes and quantum processes for N-level systems have been unified. Hence, quantum states and quantum operations can be regarded as generalizations of the one-point probability vectors and stochastic matrices, respectively. More essentially, based on the unification, it has been proven that completely positive divisibility (CP-divisibility) for quantum operations is the natural extension of the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation. It is thus shown that CP-divisibility is a necessary but insufficient condition for a quantum process to be specified as Markovian. The main results have been illustrated through a dichotomic Markov process.