Sensitive determination of cadmium in blackberry tea by FAAS after CoSn(OH)6 nanocube-based dispersive solid phase extraction
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1007/s11694-026-04887-6
- Journal Name: Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Keywords: Analytical Eco-Scale, Blackberry tea, Cadmium, CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes, Dispersive solid phase extraction, Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- Istanbul Gelisim University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
In this study, CoSn(OH)₆ nanocubes were used as adsorbent in a simple dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure to preconcentrate cadmium and achieve a low limit of quantification. Preconcentrated cadmium samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). During the optimization phase, prominent parameters were adjusted to maximize the extraction yield. The calibration plot was linear in the range of 1.0–30.7 µg/kg, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.9993. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 0.40 and 1.32 µg/kg, respectively. The enhancement factor (EF) was calculated as 63-fold based on comparison of the LODs of the FAAS and dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DSPE)-FAAS systems, and 72-fold based on comparison of the calibration slopes of the two systems. Two different commercially available blackberry teas were used as matrices to evaluate the method’s applicability to real samples under optimal conditions. Recovery tests using five-point calibration curves confirmed the method’s reliability, with percent recoveries in the range of 105–109% for the first blackberry tea sample and 84–98% for the second blackberry tea. An Eco-Scale score of 89 was obtained, indicating that the method is highly green and environmentally friendly according to Green Analytical Chemistry principles.